In this article, I am going to show that Jesus was a man who was executed, and not a kosher sin sacrifice according to the Law of Moses (the Torah of Moshe).  What is a Burnt Offering?  The Hebrew word for "burnt offering" or "sin offering" is "oleh" There are some other Hebrew words for this offering: qorban (meaning "gift") and "chatat" meaning "sin offering".  Let's look at a passage, with all three of these Hebrew words, describing a "kosher" sacrifice according to the Torah of Moshe (the Law of Moses.)Leviticus 4:27-35 states: 27 “‘If any member of the community sins in ignorance and does what is forbidden in any of YHVH’s commands, when they realize their guilt 28 and the sin they have committed becomes known, they must bring as their offering for the sin they committed a female goat without defect. 29 They are to lay their hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it at the place of the burnt offering. 30 Then the priest is to take some of the blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. 31 They shall remove all the fat, just as the fat is removed from the fellowship offering, and the priest shall burn it on the altar as an aroma pleasing to the Lord. In this way the priest will make atonement for them, and they will be forgiven.  32 “‘If someone brings a lamb as their sin offering, they are to bring a female without defect. 33 They are to lay their hand on its head and slaughter it for a sin offering at the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered. 34 Then the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. 35 They shall remove all the fat, just as the fat is removed from the lamb of the fellowship offering, and the priest shall burn it on the altar on top of the food offerings presented to the Lord. In this way the priest will make atonement for them for the sin they have committed, and they will be forgiven."From this passage, we can conclude the following about Jesus:1. a Kosher sacrifice is to be a female goat or a female lamb that is without defect.  Jesus is a human sacrifice.  Jesus is not a lamb, a ram, a bull, or a goat.  YHVH forbids human sacrifice in many places in the Hebrew Bible (what christians call the "Old Testament.")   For just two passages in the Hebrew Bible (and there are many), please see Leviticus 18:21 and Deuteronomy 12:31.  Therefore, since Jesus is a human, he is not a kosher sacrifice for sin.2. Leviticus 4:29 and 4:33 states that the sinner is to bring his kosher animal to the Tabernacle, and lay their hand on the head of the sin offering.  When Jesus was executed, sinners did not lay their hands on Jesus' head confessing their sins, nor were they bringing him to an altar.  Jesus is clearly an execution.3. Leviticus 4:30 and 4:34 states that the priest will take some of the blood with his finger and put it on the four horns of the altar.  The lamb or goat is to have its blood drained and the blood is to be poured at the base of the altar.  Jesus' blood came out of him when he was speared on his execution tree with a crossbeam.  His blood was not put on the four horns of the altar in the Temple, nor was Jesus' blood drained and placed at the base of the altar in the Temple.  Jesus is clearly an execution, and not a burnt offering for the forgiveness of sin.4. Leviticus 4:31 and 4:35 states that the fat is to be removed and burnt on the altar.  Jesus did not have the fat from his insides taken out of him and put on the altar in the Temple to be burnt.  Jesus therefore, is an execution, not a biblical sin-sacrifice.This is a simple argument, one in which I have not heard a Christian give a decent reply on.  Probably because the Hebrew Bible forbids the sacrifice of humans.  Leviticus 18:21 equates human sacrifice as "profaning the name of YHVH."  Human sacrifice is just that, an abomination to YHVH, and therefore, YHVH could not possibly be a human sacrifice, profaning himself to himself.

Isaiah chapter 53, the “suffering servant”, Isaiah chapter 7, “born of a young woman (not virgin).”  The reality is that the so-called “messianic prophecies” that are said to point to Yeshua/Jesus were never taken to be messianic prophecies by Jews prior to the Christians who saw Jesus as the messiah.  The word "Messiah" ("Meshiach" in Hebrew), does not even occur in Isaiah chapters 7 nor 53.  The Old Testament (TaNaK) in fact never says that the messiah will be born of a virgin, that he will be executed by his enemies, and that he will be raised from the dead, or that he would come twice.  If I were to ask my readers to read Isaiah again, focusing on chapters 7 and 53 in context, they would have to admit that christians read Jesus into these passages.  Fact: There are only four passages in the Hebrew TaNaK that prophecy a coming messiah.  Let's take a look at these four passages individually.

It is a bold claim to state that all or part of the book of Samuel is older than the Torah.  Biblical scholarship believes in the Documentary Hypothesis, in which we have various sources: J, E, P, and D.  The J stands for the Jehovah (or Yahweh) source, the E stands for the Elohim source, the P stands for Priestly source, and the D stands for the Deuteronomic source, meaning that Biblical scholarship believes that the last source of the Law of Moses was the Deuteronomic History, the books of Deuteronomy through Kings, written by a single author our group of authors.  I am going to give clear evidence, from the book of Samuel itself, that the author of the book of Deuteronomy is not the same author (or authors) of the book of Samuel.  I am also going to argue that the authors of Samuel and Kings, have material that is highly contradictory of the book of Deuteronomy, showing ancient Israelite religion (of the Northern Kingdom of Israel) and not the Judaite religion presented in the Torah (or law of Moses) itself. The book of Deuteronomy, beginning in chapter 12, states twenty-one separate times, that Israel will only be allowed to worship in the "place that YHVH will chose."  The text of Deuteronomy is very clear, worship can only be at the Tabernacle, which will one day rest in a place that YHVH would choose, which Judaism has clearly maintained is on the temple mount in Jerusalem.  While there are twenty-one of these commands in the book of Deuteronomy, let me (for reasons of brevity) list the first three passages stating that worship can only be at "the place YHVH will chose":Deuteronomy 12:5 "Instead, you must seek the place the LORD your God will choose from among all your tribes to establish His name as a dwelling. To that place you shall bring everything I command you: your burnt offerings and sacrifices, your tithes and special gifts, and all the choice offerings you vow to the LORD." Deuteronomy 12:11 "Then the place the LORD your God will choose as a dwelling for His Name—to that place you are to bring everything I command you: your burnt offerings and sacrifices, your tithes and special gifts, and all the choice offerings you vow to the LORD."Deuteronomy 16:16 "Three times a year all your men must appear before the LORD your God in the place He will choose: at the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Weeks, and the Feast of Tabernacles. No one should appear before the LORD empty-handed."The Author of Samuel (and the Author of Kings) shows prophets and prophetic messages with an opposite message of Jerusalem and Temple ONLY1 Samuel 1:24:  "And she brought him with her when she had weaned him, with three bulls, and one ephah of meal, and an earthenware jug of wine, and she brought him to the house of the Lord, to Shiloh, and the child was young."  The Hebrew for "House of YHVH" is בֵית־יְהֹוָ֖ה and here most readers interpret this as the Tabernacle at Shiloh.  However, the context of 1Samuel chapters 1-3, prove that this was a different TEMPLE than the Tabernacle.1 Samuel 3:3b-12: "And the lamp of God had not yet gone out, and Samuel was lying down, in the Temple of the Lord, where the Ark of God was.  The Lord called to Samuel, and he said, "Here I am." And he ran to Eli, and said, "Here I am, for you have called me." And he said, "I did not call. Go back and lie down." And he went and lay down. And the Lord continued to call again to Samuel, and Samuel arose, and went to Eli, and said, "Here I am, for you have called me.'' And he said, "I have not called, my son. Go back and lie down." Now, Samuel had not yet known the Lord, and the word of the Lord had not yet been revealed to him.  And the Lord continued to call Samuel for the third time; and he arose and went to Eli, and said, "Here I am, for you called me." And Eli understood that that the Lord was calling the youth. And Eli said to Samuel, "Go, lie down. And it shall be, if He will call you, that you shall say, 'Speak, O Lord, for Your bondsman is listening.' " And Samuel went and lay down in his place.  And the Lord came and stood, and He called as at the other times, "Samuel! Samuel!" And Samuel said, "Speak, for Your bondsman is listening."  And the Lord said to Samuel, "Behold, I am about to do something in Israel, about which the two ears of everyone who hears it, will tingle. On that day, I shall execute against Eli all that I have spoken concerning his household, beginning and ending." A careful reading of this passage, especially in the original Hebrew language, would show that this is not the Tabernacle.  Not only is the word "temple" used in this passage (בְּהֵיכַ֣ל יְהֹוָ֔ה) but the description of the Temple (or Tabernacle) in Samuel does not match the description given in the book of Exodus.  Starting in Exodus chapter 25, HaShem tells Moshe to build the Tabernacle "exactly according to the pattern I showed you." (Exodus 25:40) The Tabernacle in the Torah, has an outer courtyard, and then you get to the Tabernacle itself, which has two rooms, a room with a menorah, table of showbread, and an altar of incense, as well as the Holy of Holies which contains only the Ark of the Covenant. There are only two rooms in the Tabernacle, and the Holy of Holies can only be entered once a year.  In this passage in Samuel, we see Samuel and Eli both sleeping in their own rooms in the "heychal" (or Temple), which means, we have a holy place that is clearly not the Tabernacle.  1 Samuel 3:3 is very clear that they are lying down in the "Temple" (or Tabernacle), the same Tabernacle that houses the Ark of the Covenant.  In order for Samuel and Eli to be sleeping in separate rooms, this is impossible, considering the Tabernacle of Moses has only two rooms, one of which can only be entered once a year at Yom Kippur.  Therefore, the final redactors/compilers of the books of Deuteronomy through Kings, fail here (and in many places to come) to remove the earlier Israelite Yahwistic religion from Judah's later re-written history.  Solomon has not built the Temple at this time, nor has Solomon been born, and the Tabernacle is still up in Samuel and Saul's time.   Please note, I should also point out, if I were to have quoted the rest of 1 Samuel chapter 3, you would see in verse 15 that there are "doors" in the Tabernacle.  However, the Tabernacle of Moses did not have doors, but was 100% curtains.  Therefore, the final form of 1Samuel chapter 3, and many other passages in Samuel, show that a later Judean redactor(s) edited the books of Samuel and Kings, accidentally leaving many contradictions to the Torah in the text.  This is a clear indication that Bible scholars are not 100% correct on their JEPD theory. JEPD must be expounded upon. The reason why Deuteronomy is contradicted in the books of Joshua through Samuel in particular, is that Israelite sources are used by the author of the Deuteronomic history, and this author fails miserably at removing many contradictions.  This passages are clearly older than the Torah.

Sheol: The Place of the Dead, According to the oldest sections of the Hebrew Bible.  Since Sheol is unique to the Hebrew Bible, its etymology is  debated. I am going to propose two possibilities, though scholars have proposed more.  1. Sheol is a weakened form of the root שֹׁעַל, from which derive the words for a hollow hand (Is. 40:12) and a hollow way (between vineyards, Nu. 22:24). In post-biblical Hebrew שֹׁעַל means the ‘deep’ of the sea. If this view is correct, Sheol would be “the deep place.” I reject this view as the Hebrew is spelled with an Aleph and not with an Ayin.  2. My view is that Sheol is derived from the root שָׁאַל meaning ‘to ask’. Sheol was the place of asking where oracles could be obtained.  For example, Deuteronomy 18:11-12 states that there shall not be a sorcerer among you. The Hebrew for a sorcerer is וְשֹׁאֵ֥ל אוֹב֙.  Translated literally this means “and an asker of a spirit of the dead.”  Please see 1Chr 10:13, which states “And Shaul (whose name means ‘asked’) died because of the treachery that he had committed against YHVH, concerning the word of YHVH that he did not keep, and also because he had ASKED of the dead spirit.”  The Hebrew is literally “and also he asked with a spirit (of the dead) for seeking.”  וְגַם־לִשְׁא֥וֹל בָּא֖וֹב לִדְרֽוֹשׁ.  Until I did this study, I always felt that the first king of Israel was Shaul, whose name means “he asked,” as the prophet Samuel mocked Israel for ASKING for a King (which was a rejection of YHVH as king), so they are given a king whose name means “he asked.”  The word-play here, of Shaul (Saul) ASKING a sorcerer to bring up the dead spirit of Samuel, certainly also needs to be mentioned.  The G-d of the Torah certainly does not want people in “Sheol” to be disturbed, as asking the sleeping spirits is abominable.

So, what do the books of Joshua, Judges and Samuel say about who conquered Jerusalem? We have nine conflicting options: